Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, is raising awareness about eye floaters, those tiny spots or squiggles that drift across your vision, and when they could signal something more serious.
“Most floaters are harmless and part of the natural ageing process,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health.
“But in some cases, they may point to a more serious issue, such as retinal detachment or bleeding inside the eye. Knowing the difference can help protect your vision.”

What Are Eye Floaters?

Eye floaters are small, shadowy shapes that appear to drift across your field of vision. People often describe them as:

• Dots or specks.
• Cobwebs.
• Thread-like strands.
• Rings or squiggles.

They’re usually most noticeable when looking at a plain, bright background, like a blue sky or white wall. While floaters seem to be in front of the eye, they are shadows cast on the retina by tiny clumps of gel or cells inside the vitreous humour, the clear jelly-like substance that fills the eyeball.

What Causes Them?

Age-related changes in the vitreous cause most floaters. As we grow older, typically over the age of 40, the vitreous begins to shrink and form clumps or strands. These cast shadows on the retina, which you perceive as floaters.

Other causes include:

• Nearsightedness (myopia): People with severe myopia are more prone to floaters.
• Eye injury or trauma: Damage to the eye can lead to floaters, especially if it causes bleeding.
• Post-surgical changes: Eye procedures such as cataract surgery can lead to an increase in floaters.
• Inflammation (uveitis): Inflammation in the back of the eye may cause floaters.
• Bleeding in the eye: Caused by diabetes or injury.
• Retinal tear or detachment: A medical emergency that can start with a sudden increase in floaters.

When Are Floaters Normal?

For most people, floaters are a regular part of ageing and don’t require treatment. You may find them annoying at first, but they often become less noticeable over time as your brain learns to ignore them.
You’re more likely to experience harmless floaters if:

• You’re over 40.
• You’re very nearsighted.
• You’ve had eye surgery.
• You’ve had floaters for years without any changes.

If floaters appear gradually and don’t interfere with your vision, they are usually nothing to worry about.

When to See a Doctor Immediately

While many floaters are harmless, some symptoms should never be ignored. Seek urgent medical attention if you experience any of the following:

• A sudden increase in floaters.
• Flashes of light (like lightning or camera flashes).
• A dark shadow or “curtain” over part of your vision.
• Loss of side (peripheral) vision.
• Eye pain or redness.

These could be signs of a retinal tear or detachment, which can lead to permanent vision loss if not treated immediately. Retinal issues are medical emergencies that require same-day treatment from an eye specialist.

How Are Floaters Diagnosed?

A standard eye exam with pupil dilation is usually enough to assess floaters. An optometrist or ophthalmologist will use a special lens and light to examine the vitreous and retina.
In some cases, further tests such as an ultrasound or optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan may be needed.

Can Floaters Be Treated?

Most floaters don’t require any treatment. However, if floaters are severely impacting your vision or linked to more serious conditions, options include:

• Vitrectomy: A surgical procedure to remove the vitreous and replace it with a clear solution. This is rarely recommended due to risks such as cataracts or retinal detachment.
• Laser treatment (vitreolysis): A newer technique that uses laser energy to break up floaters. It’s not widely available and not suitable for all types of floaters.

Ultimately, the best treatment depends on the cause, severity, and impact on your vision. A comprehensive eye exam can help determine the right course of action.

Protecting Your Eye Health

Keeping your eyes healthy is key to preventing complications. Here are a few tips:

• Have regular eye exams, especially after age 40.
• Manage chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure.
• Wear protective eyewear during risky activities.
• Don’t ignore sudden changes in your vision.

Conclusion

Although most eye floaters are harmless, sudden changes in your vision should never be ignored. Recognising the warning signs and seeking prompt medical advice can help prevent serious complications such as retinal detachment. Regular eye exams are essential, especially as you age. Through partnerships with providers like Spec-Savers, Affinity Health gives members access to comprehensive optometry benefits, including eye tests and prescription eyewear every two years. With the right cover and routine check-ups, protecting your vision has never been more accessible.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.