Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, highlights the critical link between age and the risk of developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

AMD is a common cause of vision loss, especially in adults aged 50 and older. This eye condition affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for clear and detailed vision.

What Is AMD?

AMD is a progressive condition that makes it harder to see fine details, recognise faces, and perform everyday tasks like reading or driving.

Over time, the macula—the part of the eye that provides sharp, central vision—becomes damaged, leading to significant vision challenges.

By addressing AMD early, individuals can better manage its progression and maintain their quality of life.

There are two main types of AMD:

1. Dry AMD: The most common form occurs when the macula thins with age and develops tiny clumps of protein called drusen.
2. Wet AMD: A more severe form caused by abnormal blood vessels growing under the retina, leading to rapid vision loss.

The Connection Between Age and AMD

As the name suggests, age is the most significant risk factor for AMD. As we age, the cells in the retina naturally wear down. Over time, this can cause drusen (tiny deposits) to build up and the macula to thin, which are key signs of dry AMD.

• Reduced Cellular Repair: With age, the body’s ability to repair damaged cells diminishes, making the retina more vulnerable to oxidative stress and inflammation, which are key contributors to AMD.
• Increased Risk of Oxidative Stress: As people age, their cells produce more free radicals—unstable molecules that damage tissues. The retina is susceptible to oxidative stress, which accelerates the development of AMD.
• Cumulative Exposure to Risk Factors: Smoking, an unhealthy diet, and UV light exposure can build up over time, increasing the risk of AMD.

Symptoms

AMD often starts silently, with no noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Over time, it can cause blurry or fuzzy central vision, trouble recognising faces, difficulty reading small text, straight lines appearing wavy or distorted, and even dark or empty spots in the centre of vision.

Diagnosing AMD

Diagnosing AMD requires a thorough eye exam that includes several tests. A visual acuity test checks how you can see, while the Amsler grid test looks for distortion in your central vision. A dilated eye exam helps the doctor examine your retina for signs of AMD. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides detailed images of the retina to spot any abnormalities, and fluorescein angiography is used to detect abnormal blood vessels in cases of wet AMD.

Managing AMD

Although AMD cannot be cured, there are steps you can take to slow its progression and protect your vision:

1. Regular eye exams are essential, especially if you’re over 50 or have a family history of AMD, as they help with early detection and timely treatment.
2. Making lifestyle changes can help reduce your risk of AMD. To protect your eyes, quit smoking, eat a diet rich in leafy greens, colourful fruits, and omega-3 fish, exercise, and maintain a healthy weight.
3. The AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) formula, containing vitamins C and E, zinc, copper, and lutein/zeaxanthin, has been shown to slow the progression of intermediate to advanced AMD.
4. Wear UV-blocking sunglasses to protect your retina from sun damage.
5. Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections for wet AMD can prevent abnormal blood vessel growth and preserve vision.

Conclusion

Age is a natural risk factor for AMD, but early detection and proactive steps can significantly impact the progression of this condition. Regular eye exams, healthy lifestyle choices, and appropriate treatments can help preserve your vision and quality of life as you age.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.