Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, marks International Epilepsy Day (February 12) by raising awareness about the signs of seizures in children.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions in children, but identifying seizures can be challenging, mainly since symptoms may not always involve dramatic convulsions.

Recognising the different signs of seizures can help parents seek prompt medical care.

What Are Seizures?

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. In children, seizures can be caused by a range of factors, including epilepsy, fever (febrile seizures), infections, head injuries, or other medical conditions. Not all seizures are alike; they vary in type, duration, and severity.

Common Signs of Seizures in Children

Seizures can appear different depending on the type. While some are easy to spot, others may be more subtle. Below are the key signs to watch for.

1. Convulsions or Jerking Movements

Sudden rhythmic jerking or stiffening of the body and loss of muscle control causing collapse are classic signs of a generalised tonic-clonic seizure, the most recognisable type.

2. Staring Spells (Absence Seizures)

Absence seizures, often confused with daydreaming, involve a brief period of blank staring that can last from a few seconds to a few minutes. During this time, the child may not respond when spoken to, making these seizures easy to miss without close observation.

3. Sudden Loss of Awareness

Focal seizures often cause a child to appear confused or unaware of their surroundings and may include repetitive movements such as lip-smacking, blinking, or hand gestures. They affect only one part of the brain without full-body convulsions.

4. Unusual Sensations or Behaviours

Strange smells, tastes, visual disturbances (auras), sudden fear or confusion, and unusual movements such as head nodding or repetitive arm motions can all be signs of focal seizures or warnings before a more significant seizure.

5. Sudden Muscle Weakness (Atonic Seizures)

Atonic seizures, also known as “drop attacks”, cause a child’s muscles to suddenly go limp, leading to brief episodes where they may drop objects or fall, sometimes resulting in injuries.

6. Twitching or Jerking During Sleep (Myoclonic Seizures)

Myoclonic seizures involve quick, jerky movements in the arms, legs, or upper body, often occurring during sleep or after waking up and are sometimes mistaken for normal muscle twitches. These seizures are brief and may happen in clusters.

7. Confusion or Fatigue After an Episode

After a seizure, a child may feel tired, confused, or have trouble speaking during the recovery phase, known as the postictal state, which can last from minutes to hours. If you notice these symptoms after an unusual event, it could indicate a seizure.

What Causes Seizures in Children?

Seizures can have various triggers, including:

• Epilepsy: A chronic condition causing recurring seizures.
• Febrile seizures: Often triggered by high fevers in young children.
• Head injuries: Trauma to the brain can lead to seizures.
• Infections: Meningitis, encephalitis, or other illnesses affecting the brain.
• Genetic factors: Some seizure disorders are inherited.

Understanding the underlying cause is crucial for proper treatment and management.

How Are Seizures Diagnosed?

If seizures are suspected, your doctor may recommend tests such as an EEG, brain imaging (MRI or CT), blood tests, or video monitoring to determine if epilepsy or another condition is the cause.

Managing Seizures in Children

Seizure treatment depends on the cause, type, and frequency. Common options include anti-seizure medications, lifestyle changes like better sleep and avoiding triggers, advanced options like surgery or vagus nerve stimulation for severe cases, and support through epilepsy groups and education.

Final Thoughts

Seizures in children can often be successfully treated if recognised early and properly managed. If you think your child might be having seizures, talk to a doctor right away. Acting earlier can help control the condition and support your child’s health.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health coverage provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.