In recognition of World Autism Awareness Day on 2 April, Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, is raising awareness about the importance of early autism detection.

“Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affects millions of children and adults worldwide, influencing how they communicate, behave, and interact with others,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health.

Autism is a lifelong condition, but early diagnosis and support can help a child grow and improve their quality of life. Noticing the early signs allows parents to get the right help and resources when needed.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Autism is a condition that affects how the brain develops, making it harder for people to communicate, interact socially, and cope with change. The exact cause isn’t known, but research suggests it happens due to genetics and environmental factors.

ASD affects individuals uniquely—some children show early signs, while others develop typically before experiencing regression. This variability makes early recognition essential for timely support and intervention.

Early Signs of Autism in Young Children

Early signs of autism in children can appear as early as 6 to 12 months and may become more noticeable as they grow. Some common early signs include:

1. Limited Eye Contact and Facial Expressions

Babies with autism may make less eye contact than other babies and might not smile or react to faces the way most babies do.

2. Lack of Gestures

By 12 months, most babies point at objects or wave goodbye. A lack of gestures or interest in engaging others may indicate delayed social development.

3. Delayed or Absent Speech

By 16 months, most children say single words, and by 24 months, they begin forming simple phrases. Children with autism may have delayed speech or unusual speech patterns, such as repeating words or phrases without understanding their meaning (echolalia).

4. Reduced Interest in Social Interaction

Young children with autism may show early signs such as limited eye contact or avoiding it altogether. They might not respond to their name by 9 months and have fewer facial expressions, like smiling less in social situations. They could also struggle with gestures, such as pointing, waving, or nodding, and may have delayed speech or not speak at all by 16 months. Many prefer playing alone to interacting with others and may have difficulty understanding or expressing emotions.

5. Repetitive Behaviours

Children with autism may show repetitive behaviours and restricted interests, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or spinning. They might line up toys or objects instead of playing with them typically and become deeply focused on specific objects, topics, or routines. Even small changes in their daily routine can cause distress, and they may show a strong interest in certain parts of objects, such as spinning wheels or flipping switches.

6. Sensory Sensitivities

Children with autism may be extra sensitive or less responsive to sounds, lights, textures, or smells. They might dislike certain touches, like hugs, or seek out strong sensory experiences. Their pain tolerance can also be different, either feeling pain more intensely or hardly noticing it at all.

7. Resistance to Change

Children with autism often prefer predictable routines and may become upset by minor changes, such as a new route home or a different mealtime schedule.

When Should Parents Seek Professional Advice?

Early medical care can make a big difference if you notice developmental challenges in your child. With Affinity Junior, you can easily find a doctor nearby using the Affinity Health GP List and access unlimited, managed doctor consultations, essential medication, and hospitalisation benefits (depending on the plan chosen).

How is Autism Diagnosed?

Autism is typically diagnosed through behavioural observations, developmental screenings, and professional assessments. Medical professionals use standard tools such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) to identify potential signs of ASD.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Early intervention programmes, such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioural therapy, can significantly improve the developmental outcomes of children with autism. Studies show that children who receive treatment before the age of 3 to 5 years demonstrate better communication, cognitive, and adaptive skills.

Supporting Families Affected by Autism

Raising a child with autism comes with challenges, but learning, support, and the right resources can make a big difference. Support groups, special education, and autism-friendly activities can help children and parents along the way.

Here are some helpful steps for parents and caregivers:

• Reliable sources such as the Autism Society of South Africa provide helpful information about autism.
• Help your child connect and learn through play, storytelling, and sensory activities.
• Doctors, therapists, and educators can provide support by creating a plan tailored to your child’s needs.
• Joining a support network allows you to connect with other parents for advice, comfort, and shared experiences.

Final Thoughts

Autism is a lifelong condition, but with early detection, proper intervention, and community support, individuals with ASD can lead fulfilling lives. Click here for more info on autism spectrum disorder.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.