Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health coverage, explores the symptoms and causes of Shigella infection in children.

“Shigellosis is a highly contagious intestinal disease caused by a rod-shaped bacterium called Shigella,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health.

“As the World Health Organization (WHO) reported, Shigellosis contributes to around 164.7 million cases of illness worldwide each year.”

Children under five are more vulnerable to the infection due to their developing immune systems.

There are four species of Shigella bacteria: Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, and Shigella dysenteriae (the most severe type). Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri are the most prevalent in South Africa.

What Are the Symptoms of Shigellosis?

Most symptoms, including diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, and stomach cramps, develop within one to two days of exposure. Mild cases often resolve within five to seven days.

Some people infected with Shigella may be asymptomatic. This means they may not have any symptoms but can transmit the bacteria to others.

How Is Shigellosis Spread?

Shigellosis is primarily spread through the faecal-oral route. If an infected person does not thoroughly wash their hands after using the toilet and then touches surfaces, food, or directly interacts with others, they can spread the infection. Given how easily Shigellosis spreads, it can cause outbreaks in environments where people are in close contact, such as schools, daycares, and crowded living conditions.

Is Shigella Deadly?

While most cases of Shigellosis tend to resolve without severe issues, there are instances where complications can arise. Persistent diarrhoea and vomiting can lead to severe dehydration in children, while high fevers may trigger febrile seizures. Although rare, Shigella can also cause haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious condition that may result in kidney failure.

How Can You Prevent the Spread of Shigella?

There is no vaccine to prevent Shigella infection but maintaining good hygiene practices can significantly protect your family.

• Handwashing: Teach your children to wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before eating.
• Safe Food Handling: Ensure food is prepared clean and cooked thoroughly. Always wash fruits and vegetables before consuming them.
• Clean Water: Only drink clean, safe water. If travelling to areas with questionable water quality, opt for bottled water with no ice.
• Hygiene in Group Settings: Ensure schools and daycare centres follow strict hygiene protocols. Teach your child not to share personal items such as utensils or cups.
• Nappy Changing: Parents and caregivers should dispose of nappies properly and wash their hands thoroughly after changing them to avoid spreading the bacteria.

Conclusion

Understanding Shigella infection is key to protecting your family from this potentially serious illness. By recognising the symptoms, following appropriate treatment protocols, and maintaining rigorous hygiene practices, you can help manage the infection and prevent its spread. If you ever have concerns about your child’s health or suspect an infection, consulting a healthcare professional is the best course to ensure proper care and recovery.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health coverage provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our clients peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.