Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, is raising awareness about seasonal allergies in babies and young children, which can easily be mistaken for a common cold.

Seasonal allergies occur when pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds triggers an allergic reaction, although babies under two years of age are less likely to develop true seasonal allergies than older children.

A runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, and congestion can all be signs of allergies, making it important for parents to recognise when symptoms may be linked to environmental triggers rather than an infection and to know when to seek medical advice.

“Parents know their babies best, and symptoms should not be ignored,” says Murray Hewlett, CEO of Affinity Health.

“Recognising these symptoms early can help families manage them more effectively and improve a child’s comfort and wellbeing.”

Can Babies Really Get Seasonal Allergies?

The short answer is yes, but true seasonal allergies are rare in babies under the age of two. Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis or hay fever, develop when the immune system reacts to airborne allergens such as pollen from trees, grasses, or weeds.

Because the immune system generally requires repeated exposure to these allergens over time, most children do not develop seasonal allergies until they are toddlers or preschool-aged. However, babies can experience allergy-like symptoms caused by year-round allergens such as dust mites, mould, pet dander, and environmental irritants.

Warm weather, windy days, and changing seasons can increase pollen levels, while indoor allergens such as dust mites and mould may trigger symptoms throughout the year.

Babies with a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema may have a higher risk of developing allergic conditions as they grow older.

Symptoms Parents Should Watch For

Seasonal allergies and other allergic conditions can cause symptoms that appear very similar to a cold. Common signs include:

• Frequent sneezing.
• A runny or blocked nose.
• Clear nasal discharge.
• Red, itchy, or watery eyes.
• Persistent nasal congestion.
• Coughing caused by postnasal drip.
• Frequent upward rubbing of the nose, sometimes called an “allergic salute”.
• Irritability caused by discomfort.
• Difficulty sleeping due to congestion.

Unlike colds, allergies typically do not cause fever. Symptoms may also persist for several weeks or repeatedly appear during certain times of the year.

How Can Parents Tell the Difference Between Allergies and a Cold?

A viral cold usually improves within seven to ten days and may be accompanied by fever, thick mucus, reduced appetite, and general tiredness. Allergy symptoms tend to last much longer and often occur after exposure to specific triggers such as pollen, grass, dust, or pets.

When Should Parents Be Concerned?

Because babies rely heavily on their noses for breathing, ongoing congestion can interfere with feeding, sleep, and overall comfort.

Parents should seek medical attention if their baby experiences:

• Wheezing or breathing difficulties.
• Poor feeding.
• Signs of dehydration.
• Persistent coughing.
• High fever.
• Blue lips or skin.
• Unusual sleepiness.
• Symptoms that continue for weeks without improvement.

It is important not to assume that every runny nose is caused by allergies. Conditions such as viral infections, enlarged adenoids, asthma, reflux, or sinus problems can cause similar symptoms.

How Are Allergies Diagnosed in Babies?

Diagnosing allergies in infants can be challenging, as seasonal allergies are uncommon at such a young age.

A doctor will usually review the baby’s symptoms, family history, home environment, exposure to pets, and any potential allergy triggers. In many cases, healthcare providers will first rule out infections or other medical conditions before considering allergy testing.

If symptoms are severe, persistent, or associated with eczema, wheezing, or food allergies, a healthcare professional may recommend further investigation.

Simple Ways to Reduce Allergy Symptoms

Parents can take several practical steps to help reduce exposure to allergens and irritants:

• Keep windows closed during high-pollen days.
• Wash a baby’s face and hands after outdoor activities.
• Change clothing after spending time outside.
• Wash bedding regularly.
• Keep pets out of sleeping areas.
• Avoid cigarette smoke, vaping, and strong fragrances.
• Reduce damp areas that may encourage mould growth.
• Use saline nasal drops if recommended by a healthcare professional.

Periods of poor air quality, such as smoke from veld fires, household fires, or pollution, may also irritate a baby’s airways. Keeping babies indoors when air quality is poor can help reduce irritation.

Parents should never give babies allergy medication, decongestants, or home remedies without first consulting a healthcare provider.

The Bottom Line

Although true seasonal allergies are uncommon in babies under two years of age, parents should not ignore ongoing congestion, sneezing, watery eyes, or coughing. Identifying whether symptoms are caused by allergies, an infection, or another medical condition can help babies receive the right treatment sooner and avoid unnecessary discomfort.

Early assessment can also provide parents with reassurance and help babies stay comfortable, particularly during periods when pollen and other environmental allergens are more common.

Affinity Health provides members with unlimited 24/7 telehealth consultations, as well as managed in-person consultations through an extensive network of healthcare professionals, ensuring trusted advice and quality care when allergy symptoms arise.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our members peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Instagram and X.