Affinity Health, a leading provider of high-quality health cover, is encouraging parents to learn the facts about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine during the HPV awareness period from 3 August to 28 September.

HPV is one of the most common viral infections worldwide and is responsible for nearly all cases of cervical cancer, as well as several other cancers affecting both men and women. According to UNICEF, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women aged 15 to 44, with more than 5,700 new cases diagnosed each year and many resulting in death. Despite the HPV vaccine’s proven safety and effectiveness, many parents still have questions about how it works, when it should be given, and why it is so important.

With misinformation still circulating online, understanding how the vaccine works and who can benefit from it can help parents make confident, informed decisions about their children’s long-term health.

What Is HPV?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections worldwide. There are more than 200 different types of HPV, and while many infections clear on their own, some strains can lead to serious health problems.

Certain high-risk HPV types are responsible for nearly all cases of cervical cancer. HPV is also linked to cancers of the throat, mouth, anus, penis, vagina, and vulva. Other HPV strains can cause genital warts.

Most people will be exposed to HPV at some point in their lives, often without knowing it, as the virus frequently causes no symptoms.

Why Is the HPV Vaccine Important?

The HPV vaccine helps protect against the HPV types most commonly associated with cancer and genital warts. It works best when given before a person is exposed to the virus.

Research from countries with high vaccination rates has shown significant reductions in HPV infections, genital warts, and precancerous cervical changes among vaccinated populations.

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers HPV vaccination one of the most effective tools available for preventing cervical cancer.

At What Age Should Children Receive the Vaccine?

The vaccine is generally recommended for children between the ages of 9 and 14 years.

This age group develops a particularly strong immune response to the vaccine. Vaccinating before adolescence also ensures protection is in place long before potential exposure to the virus later in life.

Many school-based vaccination programmes focus on girls aged nine years and older, often during the later primary school years. Parents who have questions about eligibility or timing should speak to a healthcare professional for guidance.

Is the HPV Vaccine Only for Girls?

No.

While HPV vaccination was initially promoted primarily as a way to prevent cervical cancer in girls and women, experts now recognise that boy’s benefit from vaccination too.

HPV can cause several cancers that affect males, including cancers of the throat, mouth, penis, and anus. Vaccinating boys also helps reduce the overall spread of the virus within communities.

Is the HPV Vaccine Safe?

Yes.

The HPV vaccine has undergone extensive clinical testing and continues to be monitored through global vaccine safety programmes.

Hundreds of millions of HPV vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. Health authorities, including the WHO and numerous international medical organisations, consistently confirm that the vaccine has an excellent safety profile.

However, like most vaccines, mild side effects can occur, including:

• Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
• Mild fever
• Headache.
• Tiredness.
• Temporary dizziness.

Serious side effects are extremely rare.

Can the Vaccine Cause Fertility Problems?

No.

This is one of the most common myths surrounding HPV vaccination.

There is no scientific evidence that HPV vaccines affect fertility in girls or boys. In fact, preventing cervical cancer and the treatments sometimes required for advanced disease may help protect future fertility.

Numerous large-scale studies have found no link between HPV vaccination and infertility.

Does My Child Still Need the Vaccine If They’re Not Sexually Active?

Yes.

The vaccine is designed to provide protection before exposure to HPV occurs.

Because HPV is primarily spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact, vaccination is most effective when administered before any future exposure is possible.

Waiting until a person becomes sexually active may reduce the vaccine’s effectiveness.

If My Child Receives the Vaccine, Will They Still Need Cervical Cancer Screening Later In Life?

Yes.

While the vaccine provides protection against the most dangerous HPV strains, it does not prevent every type of HPV associated with cervical cancer.

Regular cervical screening remains important during adulthood and works alongside vaccination as part of a comprehensive prevention strategy.

Conclusion

The HPV vaccine is a safe, effective, and scientifically proven way to help protect children against several cancers and other HPV-related diseases later in life. By understanding the facts and speaking openly with healthcare professionals, parents can make informed decisions that support their children’s long-term health and wellbeing. Affinity Health supports families through access to healthcare professionals, unlimited 24/7 telehealth consultations, unlimited managed in-person consultations, and affordable health cover options that help parents stay informed about preventive healthcare, vaccinations, and early intervention.

About Affinity Health

Affinity Health is South Africa’s leading health cover provider, offering you a range of options at affordable rates, including access to the widest national provider network. We understand the importance of having medical insurance that meets your needs, budget, and lifestyle. Our healthcare products are designed to protect you and your family when it matters the most. We strive to give our members peace of mind and the highest standard of service. For more information, follow us on Facebook, Instagram and X.